Product Specifications

The values above are based on the supplied BLUWAT PAC Series TDS. Final grade selection and dosage should be confirmed through laboratory jar testing with representative water samples.

How to Choose the Right PAC Grade

PAC-01 White Polyaluminium Chloride

PAC-01 is a white, spray-dried PAC powder with at least 30% Al₂O₃ and no more than 0.1% insoluble matter.

Its controlled basicity and low insoluble content make it the preferred starting grade for applications where product purity, solution clarity and finished-water appearance are particularly important.

Typical selection focus:

• Drinking water clarification
• High-clarity process water
• Bottled-water production pretreatment
• Food and sugar-industry clarification
• Pharmaceutical or cosmetic process-water treatment
• Applications requiring low insoluble matter
• Treatment plants that prefer a white PAC product

PAC-01 is intended for potable-water-related applications according to the supplied TDS. The user must still confirm compliance with local regulations, tender specifications and finished-water requirements before full-scale use.

PAC-02 Yellow Polyaluminium Chloride

PAC-02 is a yellow, spray-dried PAC powder containing at least 30% Al₂O₃. Its basicity range of 45–85% provides flexibility for different raw-water and wastewater conditions.

With insoluble matter limited to 0.1%, PAC-02 can be considered for both potable and industrial applications where reliable clarification and balanced treatment cost are required.

Typical selection focus:

• Municipal water treatment
• Surface-water clarification
• Industrial process water
• General industrial wastewater
• Pulp and paper applications
• Tannery wastewater
• Sludge conditioning and dewatering
• Plants treating water with seasonal turbidity changes

PAC-02 is a practical option for distributors and industrial users who need one PAC grade to cover several common water treatment applications.

PAC-031 Industrial-Grade Polyaluminium Chloride

PAC-031 is a yellow spray-dried powder with at least 29% Al₂O₃, basicity of 50–90% and insoluble matter of up to 1.5%.

It is positioned primarily for industrial wastewater and solid-liquid separation applications where treatment economy, suspended-solids removal and floc formation are more important than extremely low insoluble content.

Typical selection focus:

• Industrial wastewater clarification
• Mining and mineral processing
• Coal washing
• Textile and dyeing wastewater
• Paper mill wastewater
• Tannery wastewater
• Sludge dewatering
• General industrial effluent treatment
• Pretreatment before biological treatment or filtration

PAC-031 is normally the first grade to evaluate for cost-sensitive industrial treatment programs.

Recommended Grade Selection

This table provides an initial selection direction. It does not replace water analysis or comparative jar testing.

Why PAC Is Suitable for Russia and CIS Water Treatment Projects

Adaptable to Seasonal Raw-Water Changes

Water treatment plants across Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Uzbekistan and other CIS markets may experience significant changes in turbidity, color, temperature and organic load throughout the year.

PAC has pre-hydrolyzed aluminum species that can provide efficient charge neutralization and particle destabilization across a relatively broad operating range. However, the optimal grade and dosage should always be evaluated using water collected during both normal and difficult operating seasons.

Practical for Cold-Climate Treatment Plants

Low water temperature can slow particle collision, floc growth and settling. This makes winter testing particularly important.

For cold-water applications, BLUWAT recommends carrying out jar tests at the actual winter water temperature rather than testing only at room temperature. Operators should compare:

• Floc formation time
• Floc size and strength
• Settling or flotation behavior
• Filter loading
• Residual turbidity
• Treated-water pH
• Sludge volume
• PAC consumption per cubic meter

PAC can also be evaluated together with a low-dose PAM flocculant when larger or stronger flocs are required.

Convenient for Regional Storage and Transportation

Powder PAC is suitable for long-distance transportation and distributor storage. Compared with shipping a ready-to-use liquid product, powder PAC contains less transported water and can be diluted locally according to the plant’s dosing system.

Each grade is supplied in compact 25 kg bags with an inner plastic liner and an outer polypropylene woven bag.

Suitable for Diverse Industrial Economies

The Russia and CIS region includes water-intensive industries such as mining, coal processing, pulp and paper, textiles, tanning, chemicals, food production and municipal utilities.

A three-grade PAC portfolio allows importers and water treatment companies to serve both potable-water customers and industrial plants without relying on a single universal grade.

How Polyaluminium Chloride Works

Polyaluminium Chloride is an inorganic polymer coagulant. When added to water, it forms hydrolyzed aluminum species that destabilize negatively charged suspended and colloidal particles.

The treatment process generally involves four stages:

1. Charge neutralization
   PAC reduces the electrostatic forces that keep fine particles dispersed in water.
2. Particle destabilization
   Colloids, suspended solids and some color-causing substances begin to aggregate.
3. Microfloc formation
   Destabilized particles collide and form visible microflocs.
4. Floc growth and separation
   The flocs become large enough to be removed by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, filtration or sludge dewatering.

Where PAC alone produces small or fragile flocs, a suitable anionic, cationic or nonionic polyacrylamide can be added as a flocculant aid.

Main Product Advantages

Fast Dissolution

The spray-dried powder dissolves rapidly when it is properly dispersed into clean dilution water.

Rapid Floc Formation

PAC can promote fast particle destabilization and floc formation, supporting efficient clarification and filtration.

Broad Operating Adaptability

The product can be evaluated across a relatively wide pH range. Actual performance still depends on raw-water alkalinity, temperature, contaminant type and coagulant dosage.

Potentially Reduced Alkali Demand

In suitable water systems, PAC may require less additional alkalinity than some conventional aluminum coagulants. Operators should monitor pH and alkalinity during jar testing before deciding whether alkaline adjustment can be reduced or eliminated.

Competitive Treatment Cost

The correct PAC grade can offer competitive cost per cubic meter when dosage, sludge generation, filtration performance and downstream chemical consumption are optimized together.

Lower Storage and Transport Burden

Powder PAC is convenient for warehouses, distributors and plants located far from liquid chemical production or supply points.

Application Fields

Drinking Water Treatment

PAC-01 and PAC-02 can be evaluated for:

• River-water clarification
• Reservoir-water treatment
• Surface-water turbidity removal
• Pretreatment before filtration
• Municipal drinking water
• Industrial potable-water systems
• Bottled-water pretreatment

Final use must comply with the applicable national or EAEU requirements, plant specifications and finished-water testing standards.

Municipal and Industrial Wastewater

PAC can help remove:

• Suspended solids
• Turbidity
• Colloidal particles
• Some color-causing materials
• Particle-bound contaminants
• Components that can be reduced through coagulation or co-precipitation

PAC treatment does not guarantee removal of dissolved pollutants or compliance with discharge limits. Representative testing is necessary.

Mining and Coal Washing

PAC-031 can be evaluated for:

• Mine-water clarification
• Coal-washing wastewater
• Mineral-processing water
• Tailings-water clarification
• Process-water recycling
• Sludge thickening
• Solid-liquid separation

For mineral processing, the test should include both water clarity and possible effects on mineral recovery, downstream reagents and recycled-water quality.

Pulp and Paper Industry

PAC can be used as:

• A retention aid component
• A sizing-support chemical
• A clarification coagulant
• A white-water treatment chemical
• A wastewater pretreatment coagulant
• A sludge-conditioning chemical

Compatibility with existing retention polymers, sizing chemicals and papermaking conditions should be confirmed before plant use.

Textile, Dyeing and Tannery Wastewater

PAC can assist with suspended-solids removal and the coagulation of some dyes, pigments and organic colloids.

For strongly colored or highly soluble dye wastewater, PAC may be combined with a dedicated water decoloring agent followed by PAM flocculation.

Sugar, Food and Process-Water Clarification

Low-insoluble PAC grades can be evaluated for selected clarification processes. Product approval and regulatory suitability must be confirmed for each intended application.

Sludge Dewatering

PAC can destabilize fine particles before gravity thickening, belt pressing, centrifugation or filter pressing. A suitable PAM is often added after PAC to build larger and stronger flocs.

Recommended Dilution and Dosage

Solution Concentration

For solid PAC products, the TDS recommends preparing a solution with a concentration of approximately:

2–20%

The final concentration should be selected according to:

• Dosing-pump capacity
• Mixing equipment
• Required daily chemical consumption
• Plant automation
• Water temperature
• Storage-tank volume
• Distance between preparation and dosing points

Typical Dosage

The TDS provides a general solid PAC dosage range of:

Approximately 1–15 g per metric ton of water

For water with a density close to 1.0 kg/L, this is approximately equivalent to:

1–15 mg/L

This range is only an initial reference. Industrial wastewater, high-turbidity water or difficult color removal may require a different dosage.

Recommended Preparation Method

1. Fill the preparation tank with the required amount of clean water.
2. Start the mixer before adding PAC.
3. Add the PAC powder gradually to prevent lumping.
4. Continue mixing until the product is completely dissolved.
5. Transfer the prepared solution to the dosing tank.
6. Dose the solution into a point with sufficient rapid mixing.
7. Adjust the dosage according to jar-test and plant-performance results.

Avoid adding a large amount of dry PAC into stagnant water.

Jar-Test Procedure for Grade Selection

Before placing a commercial order, compare PAC-01, PAC-02 and PAC-031 using representative water samples.

Step 1: Record Raw-Water Conditions

Measure or record:

• Temperature
• pH
• Turbidity
• Color
• Suspended solids
• Alkalinity
• COD or other relevant indicators
• Existing coagulant dosage
• Current sludge volume

Step 2: Prepare Equal-Concentration PAC Solutions

Use the same preparation water and solution concentration for all grades to ensure a fair comparison.

Step 3: Conduct a Dose-Response Test

Test several PAC dosages rather than evaluating only one concentration.

Step 4: Reproduce Plant Mixing Conditions

The rapid-mixing, slow-mixing and settling stages should represent the actual plant process as closely as possible.

Step 5: Compare the Complete Treatment Result

Evaluate:

• Floc formation speed
• Floc size
• Floc strength
• Settling or flotation behavior
• Supernatant clarity
• Residual turbidity
• Treated-water pH
• Sludge volume
• Filterability
• Total chemical cost

Step 6: Repeat Under Difficult Conditions

For Russia and northern CIS markets, repeat the test with low-temperature winter water whenever possible.

PAC and PAM Combined Treatment

PAC and PAM perform different functions:

• PAC destabilizes colloids and fine suspended particles.
• PAM connects destabilized particles and builds larger flocs.

A typical combined process is:

Raw water → PAC dosing → Rapid mixing → PAM dosing → Gentle flocculation → Sedimentation or DAF → Filtration

PAC should normally be thoroughly mixed with the water before PAM is introduced. Adding both products simultaneously may reduce treatment efficiency.

The PAM ionic type and molecular weight should be selected through testing. Anionic PAM is commonly evaluated after inorganic coagulation, but it should not be assumed to be correct for every wastewater.

Packaging

Solid BLUWAT PAC products are packed in:

25 kg net bags

Packaging structure:

• Inner plastic bag
• Outer polypropylene woven bag

Alternative packaging requirements can be discussed according to order volume and transportation conditions.

Storage and Handling

Store PAC in its original sealed packaging in a cool, dry and ventilated location.

Protect the product from:

• Moisture
• Rain
• Direct sunlight
• Heat sources
• Open flame
• Damaged or unsealed packaging

Once a bag has been opened, reseal it carefully to reduce moisture absorption and caking.

Refer to the current product label, TDS and SDS for detailed handling information and confirmed shelf life.

Information Required for Product Recommendation

To recommend PAC-01, PAC-02 or PAC-031, please provide:

• Country and destination
• Water or wastewater source
• Industry and production process
• Daily treatment volume
• Current treatment process
• Current coagulant and dosage
• Raw-water pH and temperature
• Turbidity, color, suspended solids and COD
• Required treated-water standard
• Sedimentation, DAF or filtration equipment
• Annual PAC demand
• Preferred packaging
• Whether the application involves drinking water

Water samples can also be evaluated through comparative jar testing.

Frequently Asked Questions